D-link DES-3226 User Manual download pdf (Page 30)

DES-3226 NWay Standalone Fast Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Packet Forwarding

The Switch enters the relationship between destination MAC or IP addresses and the Ethernet port or

gateway router the destination resides on into its forwarding table. This information is then used to

forward packets. This reduces the traffic congestion on the network, because packets, instead of being

transmitted to all ports, are transmitted to the destination port only. Example: if Port 1 receives a

packet destined for a station on Port 2, the Switch transmits that packet through Port 2 only, and

transmits nothing through the other ports. This process is referred to as ‘learning’ the network

topology.

MAC Address Aging Time

The Aging Time affects the learning process of the Switch. Dynamic forwarding table entries, which are

made up of the source and destination MAC addresses and their associated port numbers, are deleted

from the table if they are not accessed within the aging time.

The aging time can be from 10 to 1,000,000 seconds with a default value of 300 seconds. A very long

aging time can result in dynamic forwarding table entries that are out-of-date or no longer exist. This

may cause incorrect packet forwarding decisions by the Switch.

If the Aging Time is too short however, many entries may be aged out too soon. This will result in a high

percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the forwarding table, in

which case the switch will broadcast the packet to all ports, negating many of the benefits of having a

switch.

Static forwarding entries are not affected by the aging time.

Filtering

The Switch uses a filtering database to segment the network and control communication between

segments. It can also filter packets off the network for intrusion control. Static filtering entries can

be made by MAC Address or IP Address filtering.

Each port on the Switch is a unique collision domain and the switch filters (discards) packets whose

destination lies on the same port as where it originated. This keeps local packets from disrupting

communications on other parts of the network.

For intrusion control, whenever a Switch encounters a packet originating from or destined to a MAC

address or an IP Address entered into the filter table, the switch will discard the packet.

Some filtering is done automatically by the Switch:

• Dynamic filtering – automatic learning and aging of MAC addresses and their location on the

network. Filtering occurs to keep local traffic confined to its segment.

• Filtering done by the Spanning Tree Protocol that can filter packets based on topology,

making sure that signal loops don’t occur.

• Filtering done for VLAN integrity. Packets from a member of a VLAN (VLAN 2, for example)

destined for a device on another VLAN (VLAN 3) will be filtered.

Some filtering requires the manual entry of information into a filtering table:

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D-link DES-3226 User Manual Page 30